Members

let’s go through members in C# clearly.

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📌 1. What Are Members?

In C#, the term member refers to everything you can define inside a class, struct, or interface.
Members define the structure (data) and behavior (actions) of a type.

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📌 2. Types of Members

Here’s a breakdown:

1. Fields

• Variables declared inside a class/struct

public class Person
{
    public string name; // field
}

2. Properties

• Encapsulated access to fields

public string Name { get; set; } // property

3. Methods

• Functions inside a class

public void Greet() { Console.WriteLine("Hello!"); }

4. Constructors & Destructors

• Special methods for initialization and cleanup

public Person(string n) { name = n; }  // constructor
~Person() { /* cleanup code */ }      // destructor

5. Events

• For signaling between objects (based on delegates)

public event EventHandler OnNameChanged;

6. Indexers

• Allow object access via []

public string this[int index] { get { return data[index]; } set { data[index] = value; } }

7. Operators

• Overloaded operators

public static Person operator +(Person a, Person b) { return new Person(a.name + b.name); }

8. Nested Types

• Classes, structs, enums, interfaces inside other classes

public class Outer
{
    public class Inner { }
}

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📌 3. Access Modifiers for Members

• public → accessible everywhere

• private → accessible only within the class

• protected → accessible in the class + subclasses

• internal → accessible within the same assembly

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📌 4. Quick Example With Multiple Members

public class Car
{
    // Field
    private string brand;
 
    // Property
    public string Brand 
    { 
        get { return brand; } 
        set { brand = value; } 
    }
 
    // Constructor
    public Car(string brand)
    {
        this.brand = brand;
    }
 
    // Method
    public void Drive()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{brand} is driving!");
    }
 
    // Event
    public event EventHandler EngineStarted;
 
    // Indexer
    private string[] parts = { "Wheel", "Engine", "Seat" };
    public string this[int index] => parts[index];
}

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📌 5. Analogy

• Think of a class as a toolbox.

• The members are the tools inside (variables, methods, properties, events, etc.).

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✅ In summary:
Members in C# = everything you can define inside a class, struct, or interface (fields, properties, methods, constructors, events, indexers, nested types, etc.).